Outside, on the roof surface, something else is happening, especially during the winter. The warm air that is escaping through the roof decking from the attic melts the snow on the roof, which trickles down to the frozen gutter and refreezes.
This process continues until a dam of ice is built up that exerts pressure at the edge of the roof and the lower tier of shingles. As this ice expands and backs up closer to the warm part of the roof, it melts once more and finds its way through the underlayment and decking by way of leaks created by moisture buildup inside.
The solution to this problem is proper ventilation, proper insulation, and some added insurance-a product known generically as ice-and-water shield, a self-sealing bituthene waterproofing membrane with a strong adhesive underside.
As much as 70 percent of home heat can be lost through lack of insulation. The kind of insulation-batts and blankets, rigid-board or loose-fill and the amount is determined by the anticipated heat loss or gain, cost, and code requirements.
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